Improved dyers  vat



initml latrt lila-tent Chimica 'Leners Para: No. 95,425, ma october 5, 1869.

IIMPROVED DYERS VAT.

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part ot the same.

To all whom it may concern Beit known that I, H. CHAMPENOIS, of the city, county, and State of New York, formerlyhof Lyons, France, have invented a new and improved Dyers Vat; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had tothe accompanying drawing, which forms part of this specification.

My invention relates 'to an improved vat, designed particularly for theuse of dyers.

Before my invention, dyers" vats were commonly made of wood, or of wood lined with metal, such as copper, andv in some instances they were made of glass, and also of blocks of granite, into which the proper-sized cavity was made. All of these possessed serious disadvantages: The wooden vats absorbed the colors, and consequently a single vat couldvnot practically be used for a different color; the metallic or copper-lined vats were injured or destroyed by the chemicals used, and the colors themselves injured thereby; the 'glass vats were very expensive, owing to the cost of the material, and the ditliculty in making them large enough for practical use; the granitevatswere also impracticable, for the reason that itfwas difficult to obtain blocks of the requisite size without flaws, and, moreover, the interior surfaceA waseither too rough when first made, or soon became so by the partial action of the chemicals, so that the soaked threads of the fabrics being dyed, were liable to become torn by contact with such roughened surfaces.

'Ihe object, therefore, of my invention is to produce a large and cheap dyers7 vat, which, practically, will not be affected by the chemicals used in the dyeingmatter, and which can be quickly cleaned and used many times a day, if necessary, for different colors. To such end,

My invention consists in a new article of manufacture of a dyers vat, having a vitrified or enamelled inner surface; that isto say, it consists in the combination,'with the interior surface of a dyers vat, of a coating that is practically iucorrodible by the chemicals used in dyeing. Y

rIhe drawing is a vertical cross-section of a dyers vat, made according to my invention.

A designates the body of the'vat, and it is made of any suitable argillaceous earth or clay, (either with or without an admixture of silica,) and it is made in the desired size and form, in any suitable manner, as, for instance, by means of a mould or moulds.

The body having been so made, is placed in an oven and baked to the required degree of hardness, depending upon the nature of the earths used.

B designates the iucorrodible coating, which may be properly termed an enamel, produced by vit-rifica-.v

tion of the ingredients of Which such composition is composed.

The coating or enamel to he used depends almost entirely on the character of the argillaceous earth or clay of which the body A of the vat is made, and the color -of the coating desired.

The vat may of course be provided with any suitable drawing-oif aperture a, provided with a plug, or any suitable closing-device. In the drawing, I have illustrated a body, A, as made of fire-brick, and I have found that the following ingredients constitutea suitable iucorrodible coa ing for such material, to wit: i

Fusible clay, (i. e., not kaoline-clay,) five parts.

Pnlverized slate, two parts.

Galena, three parts.

This composition, after having been rendered pasty,

by the addition of water, or any other suitable liquidy is applied to the interior surfaces of the vat A by av brush, trowel or otherwise, and the whole baked in a furnace until it is vitritie'd, so as to form a coating, B, over the interior surface of the bodyA, as shown in the drawing. It will of course be understood that more than one coat, (after one has properly dried,) may be applied before baking.

The body may he composed of the following substances 5 that' is Raw clay of bollena, three parts.

Raw clay of Macon, three parts.

` Cement of baked clay, four parts.

Cement of canette, four parts.

Such composition, it will be observed, consists, in a' general way, of a portion of raw clay, previously pulven'zed, and a larger proportion of cement, the latte'i consisting of baked clay, of the saine nature as the raw clay, or even of a different'nature, such as fragments of bricks, crucibles, tiles, canettes, 85e., which, when pulver-ized, may be used insteadof cement-to thin the fatness of the raw clay. A vat made in this way, is of course baked in substantially the way previously described.

And I have found that the following ingredients produce a suitable iucorrodible coating or enamel for a vat made of the hereinabove last-specified material,

to wit:

Peroxide of manganese, two partsn Silica', four parts. Minium, or red lead, five parts. Galena, ten parts.

lVater or other suitable liquid being used .in suiiif cient quantity to render pasty the composition. y

This coating or enamel is applied to the interior surface of the body, and vitrified thereon, in substantially the way hereinabove speciied.

I will here remark that the iucorrodible coating or enamel may be applied to the body before the latter is baked, and the .whole baked together, but preferably, I apply the coating after the body' has beenbaked, and subject the article to a second baking, as in 'the former4 case there is liability of unequal contraction or expansion of the body and the coating or enamel, whereby the enamel is cracked.' y y Of course it will be understood that in the manufacture of my improved dyers vat, suitable precautions are to b e observed in respect to the shaping or moulding of the body, and the smoothness of the interior surface, as well as to the application of the incorrodible coating or enamel, the degree of heat required for baking the diiferent varieties'of material of which the body of the article, as well as the coating or enamel may bev composed, and for-the graduation of the cooling before removal fronr the oven.

I am well aware that-it is notl new to glaze ory vi- 'trify pottery-Ware, and I do not therefore claim the vitrifying of iplastic earths or clays. I am not, however, aware that a' dyers vat has ever before been made as hereinabove specified, and much experiment was necessary to enable me to produce an article of the size and capacity of a dyers vat, of the construction hereinabove described. y

What I-claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is,-

'lhe new article of manufacture, of a dyers-vat, made substantially as herein specified, that is to say, the combination, with the interior surface of the body of a dyers vat, made of plastic earth, of an incorrodible coating or enamel, substantially as herein specified.

H. CHAMP'ENOIS.

Witnesses:

M. M. LIVINGSTON, T. B. BEEGHER. 

